The word "assume" has multiple meanings, such as to suppose, to take on, or to begin to have a particular quality or appearance. Here are some synonyms for each of its main meanings and an analysis of them:
1. When "assume" means "suppose" or "presume"
- Suppose: This is a very close synonym. For example, "I assume/suppose that he will come." The difference between the two is quite subtle. "Suppose" can sometimes imply a more tentative or less - confident assumption. We often use "suppose" when we are exploring a possibility or making a guess that we may not be entirely certain about. "Assume", on the other hand, can sometimes carry a bit more of an air of taking something for granted, as if we are basing our thinking on some unspoken premise.
- Presume: For example, "He assumed/presumed that she knew the answer." "Presume" also means to take something as true without proof. It often implies a slightly more confident or perhaps even a bit more arrogant stance than "suppose". When we "presume", there is a sense that we are relying on some existing knowledge or expectation to make our assumption, and it may imply that we have a right to assume that particular thing.
- Guess: This is a more casual synonym. For example, "I assume/guess that the price will go up." "Guess" emphasizes the element of speculation and lack of firm evidence. While "assume" can be used in more formal or serious contexts, "guess" is more likely to be used in everyday conversations when we are making a rough estimate or a hunch.
2. When "assume" means "take on" or "undertake"
- Take on: For example, "She assumed/took on the responsibility of leading the project." "Take on" emphasizes the act of accepting or beginning to handle a task, role, or responsibility. It gives a sense of actively embracing something. "Assume" in this context can sound a bit more formal or perhaps a little more abstract. When we say someone "assumes" a role, it can imply a more mental or official acceptance, while "take on" seems more hands - on and practical.
- Undertake: For example, "He assumed/undertook the task of repairing the roof." "Undertake" also means to begin or commit oneself to a particular job or responsibility. It has a more serious and determined connotation. It implies a certain level of intention and commitment. "Assume" can be used in a more general way to indicate the start of handling something, while "undertake" often suggests a more deliberate and planned decision to take up a task.
3. When "assume" means "begin to have a particular quality or appearance"
- Adopt: For example, "The building assumed/adopted a new look after the renovation." "Adopt" emphasizes the idea of taking on or choosing to have a particular appearance, style, or attitude. It implies a more conscious decision to change or adapt to a new state. "Assume" in this context can seem a bit more passive, as if the change in quality or appearance is happening more naturally or without a lot of active choice.