The word "close" is a versatile term with multiple meanings, and it has a variety of synonyms depending on the context.
1. As an Adjective (Meaning Near in Space or Time)
- Near: This is a very common synonym for "close" when it refers to physical proximity. For example, "The store is close to my house" can also be said as "The store is near my house." However, "near" might be considered a bit more general. "Close" can sometimes imply a more immediate or intimate nearness. For instance, you might say "a close neighbor" to suggest a relationship that goes beyond just physical proximity, like a neighbor you are friendly with. "Near" doesn't carry that connotation as strongly.
- Adjacent: "Adjacent" means next to or adjoining. For example, "The two houses are close" can be more precisely stated as "The two houses are adjacent" when you want to emphasize that they are directly next to each other. It's a more specific term than "close" and is often used in descriptions of buildings, rooms, or land areas. For example, "The adjacent classrooms share a common wall."
2. As an Adjective (Meaning Intimate or Familiar)
- Intimate: When "close" is used to describe a relationship, "intimate" can be a synonym. For example, "She has a close friend" can also be "She has an intimate friend." However, "intimate" often implies a deeper level of emotional connection, a sharing of personal thoughts and feelings. A close relationship might just mean you spend a lot of time together, but an intimate relationship suggests a stronger bond, perhaps involving secrets and a high level of trust.
- Familiar: "Familiar" can replace "close" in the context of relationships as well. For example, "He has a close acquaintance with the subject" can be "He has a familiar acquaintance with the subject." "Familiar" implies a degree of knowledge or comfort that comes from repeated contact. It's not as strong as "intimate" in terms of emotional depth but still conveys a sense of closeness through acquaintance.
3. As a Verb (Meaning to Shut)
- Shut: "Close" and "shut" are very similar when it comes to the action of closing an object. For example, "Please close the door" and "Please shut the door" have the same basic meaning. However, "shut" can sometimes sound more forceful or final. "Close" might be a bit more gentle or gradual. For example, you might "close" a book slowly and carefully, but you might "shut" a drawer with a bit more force.
- Seal: "Seal" can also be a synonym for "close" when it comes to making something airtight, watertight, or secure. For example, "Close the envelope tightly" can be "Seal the envelope tightly." "Seal" implies a more complete closure, often for the purpose of protection or containment. For example, to seal a container to keep its contents fresh.